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Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health PDF

Author: Stephen Roth

$40.00 USD

eBook
$40.00 USD

ISBN: 9781492578413

©2007

Page Count: 192

Access Duration: 10 Years

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Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health is the first text dedicated to the basic concepts of genetics in relation to the broad range of topics in exercise science and health. Author Stephen M. Roth, PhD, makes the content comprehensible for readers who are unfamiliar with genetics without sacrificing the foundational and critical understanding necessary for interpreting research findings and incorporating genetics into research programs.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Healthmaintains a practical focus and addresses common concerns when preparing to study genetics, such as how to use online search tools to identify existing research literature and how to identify and select candidate genes using genome databases. Through this text, readers will discover these concepts:

·           The basics of DNA and genetics as they relate to health, physical activity, and sport

·           Specific skills and strategies for interpreting and applying genetics findings in research

·           How genetics research may affect sport performance training and clinical practice

·           The ethical issues raised by genetics in society and sport

Special focus sections are incorporated throughout the text, providing expanded discussions of interesting topics in each chapter. Students see examples of how the principles described in the book have played out in real-life research, and they receive explicit instructions on planning and interpreting genetics research. Pedagogical aids such as summaries, key terms, and review questions also make this text ideal for efficient learning.

Part I presents readers with the basic biology and genetics information they need in order to understand and apply the information to exercise science. Part II explores the research and design methods that will help readers interpret and apply their findings. Part IIIaddresses some of the current research findings in the area of genetics in exercise and health and discusses current issues in the field, including the potential for misuse of new genetic technologies and the ethics involved in gene doping.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Healthis the second volume in Human Kinetics’ Primers in Exercise Science series, which provides students and professionals with a nonintimidating basic understanding of the science behind its topic and, where appropriate, how that science is applied. These books are written by leading researchers and teachers in their respective areas of expertise. The authors present in an easy-to-understand manner the essential concepts in dynamic, complex areas of scientific knowledge. The books in the series are ideal for researchers and professionals who need some background in an unfamiliar scientific area. The books also function as accessible basic references for those who will be returning to the material often. This particular book adds a health dimension to the exercise science focus of the series, with discussions on disease- and health-related information.

Genetic research will play an important role in the future practice of exercise science and health, requiring students and professionals to have this basic knowledge for success in their careers. Through its practical presentation of current and basic topics, Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health makes the case for more universities to introduce genetics courses to their curricula. Having the essential topics of genetics in a single, practical introductory text will facilitate the work of instructors, students, and professionals.

PartI. Basics of Genetics

 

Chapter 1. Individual Differences: The Role of Genetics in Exercise Science and Health

Hidden Aspect of Average Values

Why Do We See Variation in a Physical Trait?

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein

Basic Cell Biology

DNA

Our Genetic Material as Chromosomes

Special Focus: The Human Genome Project

RNA

Amino Acids and Proteins

Structure of Genes

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 3. Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code

Moving From DNA to RNA: Transcription

Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA

Moving From RNA to Protein: Translation

Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins

Genetic Code

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 4. Moving Genetic Material to the Next Generation

Basic Reproduction

Sex Cell Production and Meiosis

Special Focus: Mitosis Versus Meiosis

Chromosomal Recombination

Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 5. Heritability and the Basics of Genetic Variation

Familial Resemblance: Genes and Environment

Heritability as a Measure of Genetic Contribution

Special Focus: Twin and Family Studies

Genetic Variation

Types of Genetic Variation

Special Focus: Labeling Polymorphisms

How Genetic Variation Can Influence Physical Traits

How Do Polymorphisms Arise? Genetic Variation and Evolution

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 6. Genetic Variation and Disease

Mendelian Disease Genetics

Special Focus: Muscular Dystrophy

Complex Disease

Special Focus: Obesity as a Complex Trait

Gene x Environment Interactions

Gene x Gene Interactions

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 7. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, and Environmental Interaction

Recombination Revisited

Linkage Disequilibrium

Linkage Analysis in Families

Haplotype: Combinations of Neighboring Alleles

Special Focus: The International HapMap Project

Diplotype: Combinations of Haplotypes

Gene x Environment Interaction Revisited

An Introduction to Epigenetics

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Part II. Research Design and Methods

 

Chapter 8. Getting Started: Basic Skills for Genetics Research

Is Genetic Variation Important for My Trait of Interest?

Using PubMed

Interpreting Existing Literature

Identifying and Selecting Candidate Genes and Polymorphisms

Using Genome Databases

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 9. Issues in Study Design and Analysis

How Genetics Necessarily Alters Study Design

Typical Study Designs

Subject Recruitment

Geographical Ancestry

Special Focus: Race in Genetics

Prospective Versus Retrospective

Statistical Approaches

Interpretation of Results: Association versus Cause and Effect

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 10. Basic Laboratory Methods in Genetics

DNA from Blood or Cheek Cells

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Genotyping with Restriction Enzymes

Genotyping with Fluorescent Tags

Special Focus: DNA Microarrays

DNA Sequencing

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Part III. Current Findings and Extensions of Genetics Research

 

Chapter 11. Current Research Findings in the Genetics of Exercise Science and Health

Overview of Current Findings

Special Focus: The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes

ACTN3 and Muscular Performance

ApoE and Cognitive Impairment

ACE and Sport Performance

Myostatin and Muscle Mass

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 12. Personalized Medicine

Genetics and Complex Disease Revisited

Promise and Limitations of Personalized Medicine

Special Focus: Pharmacogenomics

Genetics in Nutrition and Exercise Prescription

Genetics in Disease Prevention

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 13. Ethical Challenges in Genetics and Society

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomics Gene Therapy for Disease Treatment

Special Focus: Stem Cells

Genetics in Sport: Genetic Testing and Gene Doping for Performance

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

Appendix B: Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

About the Author

Stephen M. Roth, PhD, is an assistant professor in the department of kinesiology at the University of Maryland, where he teaches courses in genetics and exercise science and health. He has extensive training in both exercise science and human genetics, and he directs the Functional Genomics Laboratory, where he maintains a research program dedicated to understanding the role of genetics in the contexts of aging, health, and exercise.

Dr. Roth has more than 45 peer-reviewed publications in scholarly journals, many of which are in the areas of genetics, health, and exercise. In 2005, the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine presented him with a New Investigator Award recognizing his work in genetics and exercise physiology. He also has an award from the National Institutes of Health to further his training in genetic epidemiology, extending his existing training in exercise physiology and human genetics.

Dr. Roth is a member of the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine, the American Physiological Society, and the American Society of Human Genetics. He is an assistant editor for Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews.

“The overall content of the book is certainly thought-provoking.”

 --The Journal of Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism

Stephen Roth

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health PDF

$40.00 USD

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health is the first text dedicated to the basic concepts of genetics in relation to the broad range of topics in exercise science and health. Author Stephen M. Roth, PhD, makes the content comprehensible for readers who are unfamiliar with genetics without sacrificing the foundational and critical understanding necessary for interpreting research findings and incorporating genetics into research programs.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Healthmaintains a practical focus and addresses common concerns when preparing to study genetics, such as how to use online search tools to identify existing research literature and how to identify and select candidate genes using genome databases. Through this text, readers will discover these concepts:

·           The basics of DNA and genetics as they relate to health, physical activity, and sport

·           Specific skills and strategies for interpreting and applying genetics findings in research

·           How genetics research may affect sport performance training and clinical practice

·           The ethical issues raised by genetics in society and sport

Special focus sections are incorporated throughout the text, providing expanded discussions of interesting topics in each chapter. Students see examples of how the principles described in the book have played out in real-life research, and they receive explicit instructions on planning and interpreting genetics research. Pedagogical aids such as summaries, key terms, and review questions also make this text ideal for efficient learning.

Part I presents readers with the basic biology and genetics information they need in order to understand and apply the information to exercise science. Part II explores the research and design methods that will help readers interpret and apply their findings. Part IIIaddresses some of the current research findings in the area of genetics in exercise and health and discusses current issues in the field, including the potential for misuse of new genetic technologies and the ethics involved in gene doping.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Healthis the second volume in Human Kinetics’ Primers in Exercise Science series, which provides students and professionals with a nonintimidating basic understanding of the science behind its topic and, where appropriate, how that science is applied. These books are written by leading researchers and teachers in their respective areas of expertise. The authors present in an easy-to-understand manner the essential concepts in dynamic, complex areas of scientific knowledge. The books in the series are ideal for researchers and professionals who need some background in an unfamiliar scientific area. The books also function as accessible basic references for those who will be returning to the material often. This particular book adds a health dimension to the exercise science focus of the series, with discussions on disease- and health-related information.

Genetic research will play an important role in the future practice of exercise science and health, requiring students and professionals to have this basic knowledge for success in their careers. Through its practical presentation of current and basic topics, Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health makes the case for more universities to introduce genetics courses to their curricula. Having the essential topics of genetics in a single, practical introductory text will facilitate the work of instructors, students, and professionals.

PartI. Basics of Genetics

 

Chapter 1. Individual Differences: The Role of Genetics in Exercise Science and Health

Hidden Aspect of Average Values

Why Do We See Variation in a Physical Trait?

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein

Basic Cell Biology

DNA

Our Genetic Material as Chromosomes

Special Focus: The Human Genome Project

RNA

Amino Acids and Proteins

Structure of Genes

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 3. Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code

Moving From DNA to RNA: Transcription

Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA

Moving From RNA to Protein: Translation

Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins

Genetic Code

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 4. Moving Genetic Material to the Next Generation

Basic Reproduction

Sex Cell Production and Meiosis

Special Focus: Mitosis Versus Meiosis

Chromosomal Recombination

Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 5. Heritability and the Basics of Genetic Variation

Familial Resemblance: Genes and Environment

Heritability as a Measure of Genetic Contribution

Special Focus: Twin and Family Studies

Genetic Variation

Types of Genetic Variation

Special Focus: Labeling Polymorphisms

How Genetic Variation Can Influence Physical Traits

How Do Polymorphisms Arise? Genetic Variation and Evolution

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 6. Genetic Variation and Disease

Mendelian Disease Genetics

Special Focus: Muscular Dystrophy

Complex Disease

Special Focus: Obesity as a Complex Trait

Gene x Environment Interactions

Gene x Gene Interactions

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 7. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, and Environmental Interaction

Recombination Revisited

Linkage Disequilibrium

Linkage Analysis in Families

Haplotype: Combinations of Neighboring Alleles

Special Focus: The International HapMap Project

Diplotype: Combinations of Haplotypes

Gene x Environment Interaction Revisited

An Introduction to Epigenetics

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Part II. Research Design and Methods

 

Chapter 8. Getting Started: Basic Skills for Genetics Research

Is Genetic Variation Important for My Trait of Interest?

Using PubMed

Interpreting Existing Literature

Identifying and Selecting Candidate Genes and Polymorphisms

Using Genome Databases

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 9. Issues in Study Design and Analysis

How Genetics Necessarily Alters Study Design

Typical Study Designs

Subject Recruitment

Geographical Ancestry

Special Focus: Race in Genetics

Prospective Versus Retrospective

Statistical Approaches

Interpretation of Results: Association versus Cause and Effect

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 10. Basic Laboratory Methods in Genetics

DNA from Blood or Cheek Cells

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Genotyping with Restriction Enzymes

Genotyping with Fluorescent Tags

Special Focus: DNA Microarrays

DNA Sequencing

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Part III. Current Findings and Extensions of Genetics Research

 

Chapter 11. Current Research Findings in the Genetics of Exercise Science and Health

Overview of Current Findings

Special Focus: The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes

ACTN3 and Muscular Performance

ApoE and Cognitive Impairment

ACE and Sport Performance

Myostatin and Muscle Mass

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 12. Personalized Medicine

Genetics and Complex Disease Revisited

Promise and Limitations of Personalized Medicine

Special Focus: Pharmacogenomics

Genetics in Nutrition and Exercise Prescription

Genetics in Disease Prevention

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Chapter 13. Ethical Challenges in Genetics and Society

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomics Gene Therapy for Disease Treatment

Special Focus: Stem Cells

Genetics in Sport: Genetic Testing and Gene Doping for Performance

Summary

Learning Aids

 

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

Appendix B: Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

About the Author

Stephen M. Roth, PhD, is an assistant professor in the department of kinesiology at the University of Maryland, where he teaches courses in genetics and exercise science and health. He has extensive training in both exercise science and human genetics, and he directs the Functional Genomics Laboratory, where he maintains a research program dedicated to understanding the role of genetics in the contexts of aging, health, and exercise.

Dr. Roth has more than 45 peer-reviewed publications in scholarly journals, many of which are in the areas of genetics, health, and exercise. In 2005, the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine presented him with a New Investigator Award recognizing his work in genetics and exercise physiology. He also has an award from the National Institutes of Health to further his training in genetic epidemiology, extending his existing training in exercise physiology and human genetics.

Dr. Roth is a member of the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine, the American Physiological Society, and the American Society of Human Genetics. He is an assistant editor for Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews.

“The overall content of the book is certainly thought-provoking.”

 --The Journal of Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism

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