Whatever your situation—as sports medicine specialist, researcher, health educator, coach—the problem of anabolic steroid use and abuse is a continuing issue for all sport professionals.
Edited by Dr. Charles Yesalis, a recognized authority with 20 years experience in the field of drug abuse, Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise, second edition, is the most comprehensive reference text available today, offering the following features:
• Up-to-date clinical research and reference material concerning the use and abuse of steroids among professional, Olympic-level, college, and high school athletes
• Expanded data on the health effects, with particular emphasis on women’s issues related to steroid abuse
• New information concerning steroid use among U.S. and foreign collegians, adolescents, and bodybuilders
• The latest information concerning the legal aspects of steroid usage in sports and exercise
• Important information on drug testing including a history of the politics surrounding the practice and up-to-date scientific findings
This revised and expanded second edition of Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise incorporates the latest research, experience and insights of 15 experts on the scientific, clinical, historical, legal, and other aspects of steroid abuse and drug testing. It provides a historical perspective on their use and abuse in exercise and sport, their physical and psychological effects, and issues relating to dependency, testing, intervention, withdrawal, treatment programs, and the legal ramifications of steroid use and abuse.
Part I presents a historical perspective of anabolic steroids: their development, incidence of usage in sports and exercise, and methods of prevention.
Part II explores the physical results of steroid use on body composition, performance, and health; women’s issues related to steroid use; the psychological effects produced by these substances; physical and psychological dependence; assessing and treating steroid abuse, dependence and withdrawal; and the legal issues arising from their use.
Part III addresses the evolution of drug testing, the political controversies surrounding steroid use, and alternative strategies for dealing with steroid abuse.
Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise, second edition, will give you an up-to-date, comprehensive understanding of all aspects of steroid use and abuse as well as testing, treatment, and prevention options.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Credits
Introduction
Part I. History and Incidence of Use
Chapter 1. Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Historical Perspective and Definition
Charles D. Kochakian and Charles E. Yesalis
Endocrine Function of the Testis • Androgens: Multiplicity of Male Hormones • Anabolic Activity • Partial Dissociation of Anabolic Activity From Androgenic Activity • Anabolic Steroids • Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids • Therapeutic and Other Applications • Veterinary Applications • Summary • References
Chapter 2. History of Anabolic Steroid Use in Sport and Exercise
Charles E. Yesalis, Stephen P. Courson, and James E. Wright
Olympic Sports • Female Athletes • National Doping Programs • Professional Football • College • High School • Other Sports • Conclusions • References
Chapter 3. Incidence of Anabolic Steroid Use: A Discussion of Methodological Issues
Charles E. Yesalis, Michael S. Bahrke, Andrea N. Kopstein, and Camille K. Barsukiewicz
Investigative Journalism • Government Investigations • Drug Testing • Surveys • Current Trends • Methodological Issues • Recommendations • References
Chapter 4. Prevention of Anabolic Steroid Use
Linn Goldberg and Diane L. Elliot
Scope of the Problem • Drug-Testing Policy • Educational Strategies • AS Education: The ATLAS Study • The ATLAS Program • Conclusions • References
Part II. Effects, Dependence, and Treatment Issues
Chapter 5. Effect of Anabolic Steroid Use on Body Composition and Physical Performance
Karl E. Friedl
Variations in Physiological Response to Anabolic Steroids • Comparing Anabolic Steroid Dose and Effects • Empirical Strength Studies • Composition of Steroid-Induced Body Weight Gain • Body Composition Changes After Cessation of Anabolic Steroid Use • Neuromuscular and Neuropsychological Effects of Anabolic Steroid Use • Sustainment of Androgenicity During Demanding Physical Training • Countermeasures for Stress-Induced Catabolic Hormones • Improved Aerobic Endurance Performance • Conclusions • References
Chapter 6. Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Physical Health
Karl E. Friedl
Distinctions Between Types and Doses of Anabolic Steroids • Case Reports of Adverse Effects in Anabolic Steroid-Using • Athletes • Suspected Disease Associations • Stroke: A New Association With Anabolic Steroids • Prostate: An Androgen Target and Potential for Disease • Musculoskeletal Injuries • Problems Indirectly Associated With Anabolic Steroids • Research on Health Effects • Conclusions • References
Chapter 7. Women and Anabolic Steroids
Diane L. Elliot and Linn Goldberg
Normal Physiological Effects of Testosterone in Women and Men • Prevalence of Anabolic Steroid Use in Females • Physical Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Women • Psychological Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Females • DHEA: A Weak Androgen • Physique-Altering Drug Use • References
Chapter 8. Psychological Effects of Endogenous Testosterone and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Michael S. Bahrke
Anabolic Steroids and Aggressive Behavior in Animals • Effect of Endogenous Testosterone Levels on Human Moods and Behaviors • Estrogen-Related Aggression • Contraceptive Studies and Moods • Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Athletes’ Moods and Behavior • Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Psychological Dependence and Withdrawal • Methodological Issues • Conclusions • References
Chapter 9. Anabolic Steroids: Potential for Physical and Psychological Dependence
Kirk J. Brower
The Nature of Drug Abuse and Dependence • Evidence for Dependence on Anabolic Steroids • Mechanisms of Anabolic Steroid Dependence • Predictors of Anabolic Steroid Dependence • Course of Dependence on Anabolic Steroids • Prevention and Treatment • References
Chapter 10. Assessment and Treatment of Anabolic Steroid Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal
Kirk J. Brower
Identification and Assessment • Treatment of Withdrawal • Conclusions • References
Chapter 11. Legal Aspects of Anabolic Steroid Use and Abuse
Carol Cole Kleinman and C.E. Petit
Direct Legal Consequences of Steroid Abuse • Indirect Legal Consequences of Steroid Abuse: Criminal Behavior • The Proper Role of the Legal System Regarding Steroid Abuse • References
Part III. Testing and Societal Alternatives
Chapter 12. Evolution and Politics of Drug Testing
Jim Ferstle
The Year of Scandals • History of Drug Testing • The Roots of Modern Drug Testing • Challenges and Limitations in Drug Testing • Causes for Criticism of Drug Testing • Possible Solutions Outside the IOC • Athletes’ Rights in Drug Testing • 1984: The L.A. Cover-Up • More Secrets • Testing Issues in Pro and U.S. Collegiate Sports • Politics and Pharmacological Warfare • Drug Testing and the Media • References
Chapter 13. Drug Testing and Anabolic Steroids
R. Craig Kammerer
Blood or Urine Testing? • Structures, Chemistry, and Metabolism • Technology of Anabolic Steroid Testing • Philosophy of Anabolic Steroid Testing • Costs of Anabolic Steroid Testing • Circumventing Positive Test Results • Use of Other Substances • Future Directions in Anabolic Steroid Testing • References
Chapter 14. Societal Alternatives
Charles E. Yesalis, Michael S. Bahrke, and James E. Wright
Legalization: An End to Hypocrisy? • Interdiction: A Question of Cost-Effectiveness • Education: Is Anybody Listening? • Conclusion: Our Values Must Change • References
Index
Contributors
About the Editor
Reference for exercise scientists, sports medicine specialists, sport administrators and professionals, coaches, and teachers. Text for specialized courses in sport sciences or sports ethics.
Renowned worldwide for research and teaching experience related to nonmedical use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs, Charles Yesalis, ScD, MPH, is currently professor of Health Policy and Administration and Exercise and Sport Science at The Pennsylvania State University.
Author or coauthor of more than 60 journal articles and a frequent presenter at international conferences throughout the United States, Canada, France, Sweden, and the Czech Republic, he has also edited or coauthored three books concerning steroid usage.
In addition to testifying before the U.S. Congress, he has acted as consultant for the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Drug Enforcement Administration, NFL Players Association, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Olympic Committee, National College Athletic Association, and the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
Dr. Yesalis earned a master's degree in Public Health from the University of Michigan and a doctoral degree from Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health.
In his leisure time he enjoys military history as well as racquetball, weightlifting, and running.
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