The fourth edition of StarGuard: Best Practices for Lifeguards assists lifeguard candidates in preventing, recognizing, and responding to water emergencies in pool, water park, and waterfront settings. Combined with hands-on, scenario-based training sessions taught by authorized StarGuard instructors, the updated text and accompanying web resource teach the essentials of lifeguarding: prevention, surveillance, response and rescue, emergency care, and workplace safety and professionalism.
Focusing on specific strategies for decision making, StarGuard: Best Practices for Lifeguards, Fourth Edition, offers an integrated approach to lifeguard training:
• Strategies for reducing risk at recreational aquatic venues
• Strategies for identifying distress and drowning
• Physical and decision-making skills necessary for response and rescue, including details on performing land-based assists and water-based rescues
• Emergency care skills necessary in the event of a drowning, injury, or illness, including suspected spinal injuries
• Adapting lifeguarding skills to special situations, such as single-guard facilities, wilderness settings, special events, or working with disabled individuals
• Expectations for professional behavior and performance
• Strategies for minimizing the risk of workplace injury
The updated fourth edition contains the latest research on best practices in lifeguarding and lifesaving, including the most current CPR/AED and first aid content based on the American Heart Association 2010 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Readers will also find new information on victim recognition, when and how to initiate a systematic method of emergency response, adapting CPR and rescue skills for an unresponsive drowning victim, and workplace safety. Integrating each of these components into an experiential methodology of training lifeguards is a hallmark of the StarGuard certification program.
The fourth edition also includes several new and improved learning features. Learning objectives appear at the beginnng of each chapter, and key skills and knowledge are highlighted in Best Practices sidebars throughout the text. Skill guides with clear descriptions and photos offer a concise reference for the proper performance of the physical skills of lifeguarding. Knowledge Into Practice sections assist readers in applying concepts in on-the-job situations. In addition, readers can learn more about key competency requirements and performance expectations in each chapter’s On the Job section. Also accompanying the text is a new web resource containing over 80 interactive multimedia learning activities to assist readers in developing their knowledge. A list of chapter-related learning activities in the web resource concludes each chapter.
From surveillance techniques to prevention and emergency care, StarGuard: Best Practices for Lifeguards, Fourth Edition, covers all aspects of lifeguarding in an easy-to-understand format. Together, the textbook, web resource, and hands-on training course prepare lifeguards with the decision-making, emergency response, first aid, and lifesaving skills necessary for preventing water emergencies and saving lives.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I. Prevention Strategy
Chapter 1. Foundation of Best Practices
Identifying What Is Important in Saving Lives
Misconceptions About Lifeguarding
The Need for Best Practices in Lifeguarding
The Need for Best Practices from Management and Patrons
Chapter 2. Reducing the Risk at an Aquatic Facility
StarGuard Risk Management Model
Prevention Strategy
Layers of Protection
Controlling High-Risk Behaviors
Minimizing the Risk of Injury
Enforcing Rules and Policies
Identifying Threatening Behaviors
Performing Lifeguard Interventions
Chapter 3. Managing Bloodborne and Recreational Water Illness
Disease Transmission and Swimming Pools
Bloodborne Pathogens
Reducing Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Recreational Water Illness and Waterborne Pathogens
Reducing Exposure to Waterborne Pathogens
Part II. Surveillance
Chapter 4. Recognizing Distress and Drowning
Distress
Drowning Process
Victim Recognition
How the Water Hides Drowning Victims
Chapter 5. Looking for Distress and Drowning
Observation Skills
The RID factor
Zones
The StarGuard Scanning Model
Strategies for Improving Vigilance
Proactive Rotations
Drowning Detection Technology
Part III. Response and Rescue
Chapter 6. Deciding to Act and Emergency Response
Legal Considerations
Legal Liability
Responder Chain of Command
Emergency Action Plans
STAAR Aquatic Rescue Model
Early Activation of Emergency Medical Services
When to Call EMS for Help
Deciding to Act
What to Expect When You Call 9-1-1 in the United States
Crowd and Bystander Management in an Emergency Situation
Activating the Emergency Action Plan for a Water Rescue
Chapter 7. Performing Assists and Rescues for Responsive Drowning Victims
Rescue Equipment
Land-Based Assists
Water Entry
Water Rescue on the Surface
Water Rescue Under the Surface
Special-Situation Rescues
After the Rescue
Part IV. Emergency Care
Chapter 8. Managing Aquatic Spinal Injuries
Mechanisms of Injury and Symptoms
Managing a Spinal Injury on Land
Managing a Spinal Injury in the Water
In-Line Stabilization
Backboarding Equipment
Preparing to Backboard
Backboarding and Extrication Objectives
Chapter 9. Performing Basic First Aid
Primary Assessment
Secondary Assessment
Recovery Positions and Protecting the Airway
Control of Bleeding and Managing Shock
Wounds
Facial Injuries
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
Illness and Altered Mental Status
Breathing Difficulty or Shortness of Breath
Severe Abdominal Pain
Burns
Poisoning
Bites and Stings
Exposure to Heat
Exposure to Cold
Triage for Catastrophic Events
Emergency Moves
Chapter 10. Performing CPR and Using an AED for Professional Rescuers
Basic Life Support
Treatment for Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)
Rescue Breathing for an Unresponsive Person With a Pulse
Special Conditions for CPR
Choking (Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction)
Chapter 11. Performing Rescues and Lifeguard CPR for Unresponsive Drowning Victims
Rescue of a Unresponsive Victim
Extrication
Special Considerations for Drowning Victims
Integrating Adjunct Equipment
Transferring to EMS
Coping With Emotional Distress After the Incident
Part V. Workplace Environment
Chapter 12. Facilitating Workplace Safety
Minimizing the Risk of Workplace Injury
Health Considerations
Chapter 13. Meeting Workplace Expectations
Projecting a Professional Image
In-Service Training and Fitness
Accountability
Judgment Skills
What to Expect From Your Employer
What Your Employer Will Expect From You
Chapter 14. Considering Site- and Situation-Specific Considerations
Single-Lifeguard Facilities
Lifeguarding People With Disabilities
Lifeguarding Special Events and Programs
Lifeguarding Outside the Workplace
Lifeguarding in Wilderness Settings
Chapter 15. Lifeguarding at Water Parks and Similar Spaces
Water-Park Features
Facilities Similar to Water Parks
Prevention Strategy at Water Parks
Surveillance Strategy at Water Parks
Response, Rescue, and Emergency Care at Water Parks
Water-Park Workplace Expectations
Chapter 16. Lifeguarding at Nonsurf Waterfronts
Waterfront Features
Prevention Strategy at Waterfronts
Surveillance Strategy for Waterfronts
Response, Rescue, and Emergency Care at Waterfronts
Waterfront Workplace Expectations
Appendix. Emergency Oxygen
Oxygen in Emergency Care Versus Medical Care
Components of an Emergency Oxygen System
Assembly of Emergency Oxygen
Oxygen Safety
Maintenance of Emergency Oxygen
Considerations for Oxygen in an Emergency Action Plan
Bibliography and Resources
About the Author
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