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After brief comments on experimental approaches used in studies on muscle mechanics (section 3.1.1), the chapter starts with a description of the muscle transition from rest to activity (i.e., muscle activation; section 3.1.2). In experiments, muscles are typically activated by electric stimuli applied to muscle surface or to the nerve innervating the muscle. Muscle activation involves a complex sequence of events that can be considered at two levels: (1) individual muscle fibers and (2) the...
This force enhancement is velocity dependent—the peak force typically increases with the stretch velocity (the force–velocity relation in the eccentric muscle actions is described later in the text, see figure 4.3 and section 4.1.1.1.) The time history of muscle force during stretch depends on several factors: rate of stretch, stretch magnitude, initial muscle length, stimulation intensity, muscle fatigue, and temperature. The dependence of peak force on stretch velocity of maximally ...
The actual cause of muscle imbalance is not clear, although two schools of thought exist: biomechanical and functional muscle imbalances. In particular, postural muscles are prone to tightness, while phasic muscles are prone to weakness (See the table). In older adults, muscle imbalance is likely related to a combination of biomechanical and neurological factors; therefore, Table 1 includes muscles that may be either tight or weak in an older adult with muscle imbalance.
Read a free chapter on Pathomechanics of Musculoskeletal Pain and Muscle Imbalance. Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: The Janda Approach blends postural techniques, neurology, and functional capabilities in order to alleviate chronic musculoskeletal pain and promote greater functionality. This free chapter, Pathomechanics of Musculoskeletal Pain and Muscle Imbalance, begins by reviewing the pathology of musculoskeletal pain.
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