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After brief comments on experimental approaches used in studies on muscle mechanics (section 3.1.1), the chapter starts with a description of the muscle transition from rest to activity (i.e., muscle activation; section 3.1.2). In experiments, muscles are typically activated by electric stimuli applied to muscle surface or to the nerve innervating the muscle. Muscle activation involves a complex sequence of events that can be considered at two levels: (1) individual muscle fibers and (2) the...
This force enhancement is velocity dependent—the peak force typically increases with the stretch velocity (the force–velocity relation in the eccentric muscle actions is described later in the text, see figure 4.3 and section 4.1.1.1.) The time history of muscle force during stretch depends on several factors: rate of stretch, stretch magnitude, initial muscle length, stimulation intensity, muscle fatigue, and temperature. The dependence of peak force on stretch velocity of maximally ...
