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It is very costly, and in most cases impractical, to measure 24-hour energy expenditure or to monitor physical activity energy expenditure through either direct or indirect calorimetry. The most plausible tools for measuring either 24-hour energy expenditure or physical activity energy expenditure in the field are pedometers, accelerometers, and heart rate monitors. A popular physical activity diary for older children and adolescents is the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR; ...